Saudi Aramco hybrid engine to cut car pollutants – ZAWYA

Saudi Aramco hybrid engine to cut car pollutants – ZAWYA

The Aramco team warned that the move toward more efficient electric engines depends significantly on the sourcing and cost of raw materials used in battery production, and on how the electricity is produced to charge electric vehicles.. Two mining countries account for about 70 percent of worldwide supplies of lithium, cobalt and graphite.. "A disorderly mobility transition worldwide could stress the supply of critical raw materials for battery production, possibly risking adverse ecological impacts particularly in mining countries, and potentially creating supply-chain vulnerability.". The paper said electrification trends worldwide are driving automakers toward larger batteries as a means to increase a vehicle's all-electric range, but there is a risk attached: The geographical distributions of critical metals used in battery technologies are uneven.. China and Australia are the two biggest producers of "rare earth" metals.. The paper confirmed earlier findings by researchers that the actual climate benefit of an electric vehicle would critically depend on how the electricity is produced..